AMD / Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It can make reading, recognising faces, and seeing fine detail more difficult over time.

• Blurred or distorted central vision
• Difficulty reading or recognising faces
• Dark or empty area in the centre of vision
• Straight lines appearing wavy

• Age over 50
• Smoking
• Family history of AMD
• Fair skin and light eye colour
• Prolonged UV exposure
• Poor diet low in antioxidants

• Stop smoking, as it is the most important modifiable risk factor
• Wear UV-protective sunglasses
• Eat a diet rich in leafy green vegetables and oily fish
• Consider AREDS2 supplementation when appropriate
• Have regular eye examinations after age 50

Treatment depends on the type. Wet AMD may be treated with anti-VEGF injections (e.g. ranibizumab, aflibercept) to slow abnormal vessel growth. Dry AMD has no cure, but the AREDS2 nutritional supplement formula may slow progression in intermediate to advanced cases.

• UV Protection
• Nutrition for Eye Health
• Elderly Eye Care