UrgentChildren
Retinoblastoma
A rare childhood eye cancer; unusual pupil reflex or eye changes need prompt professional assessment.
What is it?
Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina that mainly affects young children. A key sign is a white reflection in the pupil in photographs. Early detection is critical for the best outcome.
Common symptoms
- White pupil reflex (leukocoria)
- Squint
- Redness
- Poor vision in the affected eye
Risk factors
- Family history of retinoblastoma
- Inherited RB1 gene mutation
- Previous retinoblastoma in the other eye
- Positive family history of RB1-related cancers
- Young age, particularly under 5 years
Prevention tips
- Ensure regular eye examinations for children at risk
- Seek urgent ophthalmic assessment for leukocoria or strabismus
- Attend genetic counselling and screening when there is a family history of retinoblastoma
- Follow the recommended schedule of ophthalmic examinations in affected families
- Maintain close follow-up after treatment to detect recurrence early
Treatment overview
Treatment depends on stage and includes chemotherapy, laser, cryotherapy, plaque radiotherapy, and enucleation for advanced cases. Early diagnosis dramatically improves survival.
Seek urgent care if you notice
- Noticing a white pupil reflex
Related eye care tips
Have questions about your eyes?
This information is general education and does not replace a professional eye examination. If you are worried about your eyes, book an appointment.